The Ocean's Memory
The ocean province ranges from shallow coastal areas to the deepest ocean environments. Many of the ocean features have been named and the particular provinces described. There are many different sediments such as; basalt, silica, calcified shells etc. They are distributed by currents, tides, and tectonic movement.
Seafloor was created at mid-ocean ridges. It spreads in both directions from the ridge system. At the spreading center, basaltic magma rises from the earth's mantle as it upwells beneathhe spreading axis. When the magma solidifies, it forms new oceanic crust that becomes welded to the original crust. This is a response to plate separation. The oceanic trenches bordering the continents mark regions where the oldest oceanic crust is reabsorbed into the mantle through steeply inclined, earthquake-prone subduction zones. The pull of the deeply plunging lithosphere is one of the forces that may drive plate separation.
Seafloor was created at mid-ocean ridges. It spreads in both directions from the ridge system. At the spreading center, basaltic magma rises from the earth's mantle as it upwells beneathhe spreading axis. When the magma solidifies, it forms new oceanic crust that becomes welded to the original crust. This is a response to plate separation. The oceanic trenches bordering the continents mark regions where the oldest oceanic crust is reabsorbed into the mantle through steeply inclined, earthquake-prone subduction zones. The pull of the deeply plunging lithosphere is one of the forces that may drive plate separation.
Radiolaria
Radiolaria are holoplanktonic protozoa widely distributed in the oceans. They occur throughout the water column from near surface to hundreds of meters depth. As with many planktonic organisms, their abundance in a geographical region is related to quality of the water mass, including such variables as temperature, salinity, productivity, and available nutrients.
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DiatomsDiatoms are microscopic algae. Some of the colonial types have strange three dimensional shapes. The diatom pictured on this page is of the genus Guinardia. This diatom, found floating in marine plankton, forms a delicate spiral. It is not easy to watch the colony under the microscope since the chain of individuals breaks easily when handled.
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Sediment MaturitySediment maturity is a measure of distance or time from the source area to the depositional site. A lot of factors influence sediment maturity, especially the climatic condition of weathering and transport and the mineralogical make up of the source area rock. Maturity can be gauged in terms of texture(textural maturity), mineralogy (minerologic maturity), and composition (compositional maturity). The terminology used to describe maturity is relatively simple: immature, submature, mature, and supermature
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The continental margin is the submerged shelf and slope forming the outer edge of a major landmass. The differences between oceanic and continental crust composition are fundamental in margin development. The transition between the two crustal types lies under the area of the continental slope with the shelf over continental crust and oceanic crust below the continental rise. The deep-sea floor is much different because it includes massive, deep trenches caused by the motion of tectonic plates.
Biogenous sediments are sediment consisting of the shells and skeletons of dead organisms. The vast majority of biogenous sediments come from planktonic organisms that obtain siliceous and calcareous compounds from seawater. These organisms use the compounds to form shells or skeletons, which later settle to the bottom as sediment when the organisms die. Some sediment comes from large organisms' shells and hard corals. Biogenous sediments are most plentiful where there is a lot of biological productivity, and where there are not a lot of other sediments in the water column. Over time, biogenous sediments accumulate into layers. Under the right conditions, organic carbon molecules within these sediments form crude oil , and natural gas.
Marine sediments are becoming an important key factor for scientists who study oceanography. Each particular sediments can help scientists understand the motion of the ocean floor. This could potentially be used as resource and recovery methods. Perhaps one day we will be capable of predicting earthquakes by reading and analyzing marine sediments.
Regional cabled observatories will bring broadband Internet to the seafloor around areas that include hydrothermal vent sites and other scientifically interesting features. The ideal platform for exploring these sites in response to episodic events is a remotely-piloted, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) that is capable of sending back high-quality video or other high-rate sensor data. The combined requirement of remote command/control and high data rates argues for a bi-directional optical communications link capable of streaming data at 1-10 Mbit per second rates. In this paper, we present a preliminary design for an optical modem system based on an omnidirectional source and receiver. The functional requirements and system constraints driven by use case scenarios are first reviewed.
Hydrogen gases are common in marine sediment accumulating in present-day oceans. Such gases originate from the decomposition of organic matte by biochemical and chemical processes.
The knowledge of marine sediments can aid in describing the Earth's historical climate changes and magnetic field orientation by the observation of the movement of waves, ocean flow, and the tectonic plates. Such components create and shape the sediments of the ocean. Scientists have been doing ample research of the Earth's seafloor in order to determine the climate of the earth.
Biogenous sediments are sediment consisting of the shells and skeletons of dead organisms. The vast majority of biogenous sediments come from planktonic organisms that obtain siliceous and calcareous compounds from seawater. These organisms use the compounds to form shells or skeletons, which later settle to the bottom as sediment when the organisms die. Some sediment comes from large organisms' shells and hard corals. Biogenous sediments are most plentiful where there is a lot of biological productivity, and where there are not a lot of other sediments in the water column. Over time, biogenous sediments accumulate into layers. Under the right conditions, organic carbon molecules within these sediments form crude oil , and natural gas.
Marine sediments are becoming an important key factor for scientists who study oceanography. Each particular sediments can help scientists understand the motion of the ocean floor. This could potentially be used as resource and recovery methods. Perhaps one day we will be capable of predicting earthquakes by reading and analyzing marine sediments.
Regional cabled observatories will bring broadband Internet to the seafloor around areas that include hydrothermal vent sites and other scientifically interesting features. The ideal platform for exploring these sites in response to episodic events is a remotely-piloted, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) that is capable of sending back high-quality video or other high-rate sensor data. The combined requirement of remote command/control and high data rates argues for a bi-directional optical communications link capable of streaming data at 1-10 Mbit per second rates. In this paper, we present a preliminary design for an optical modem system based on an omnidirectional source and receiver. The functional requirements and system constraints driven by use case scenarios are first reviewed.
Hydrogen gases are common in marine sediment accumulating in present-day oceans. Such gases originate from the decomposition of organic matte by biochemical and chemical processes.
The knowledge of marine sediments can aid in describing the Earth's historical climate changes and magnetic field orientation by the observation of the movement of waves, ocean flow, and the tectonic plates. Such components create and shape the sediments of the ocean. Scientists have been doing ample research of the Earth's seafloor in order to determine the climate of the earth.